Friday, April 20, 2012
How would you explain the connection between glucose entering the body and energy created by the body to a friend, using your new biochemistry knowledge?
Carbohydrates are a large source of energy for our bodies. Glucose is an important simple carbohydrate that, when ingested, can yield a lot of energy for cells in the body. When we ingest glucose, it gets taken into the cell where it is acted upon by many enzymes in a process known as glycolysis to yield energy. Some examples of alterations to glucose during glycolysis include adding a phosphate molecule (phosphorylation), rearranging the molecule (isomerization), splitting the molecule in half (cleavage), losing a phosphate molecule (dephosphorylation), removing electrons (oxidation), and losing a water molecule (dehydration). Glycolysis yields two pyruvate molecules as well as 2 net Adenosine Triphosphate, or ATP molecules. ATP is the cell's energy currency and can be used to perform many important cellular processes. Pyruvate has three different fates, all of which yield much more ATP that can be utilized by the cell. As you can see, glucose is an important food source which produces energy yielding molecules to be used by the cell.
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